From seeds to solar power: A multi-sector approach to tackling food insecurity in Southern Madagascar

Since my arrival in Madagascar as the UN Resident Coordinator at the end of 2020, the country has been hit by unprecedented cyclones and experienced the most severe drought in 40 years. 

Coupled with other extreme weather events, the ongoing drought caused widespread hunger and pushed thousands into near famine-like conditions. In the south of the country, where the land is arid and households more dependent on rain-fed agriculture, the issue of malnutrition is particularly acute. Crops are not only suffering from a lack of water, but have also been damaged by high winds and tiomena – sandstorms - which blow away the fertile topsoil. In these conditions, communities are struggling to grow key staples, including corn. 

Last year, thanks to relatively sufficient rainfall and scaled-up humanitarian assistance from our UN country team and partners food security and nutrition improved in Southern Madagascar. Our multi-sectoral humanitarian response benefited close to 1.1 million people in the areas of nutrition, food security and livelihoods, water, sanitation and hygiene, education, health and protections, and cash transfers. In 2022, no district was classified as facing a nutritional emergency, compared to five districts the previous year.   
But accelerating recovery from the drought and tackling these long-term impacts across the region require more than emergency assistance alone. 

This is why, alongside ongoing humanitarian efforts, our UN country team has been working together to help communities across the region build greater resilience to the effects of droughts and prepare for future climate shocks. 

The Resident Coordinator’s Office played a key role in promoting greater integration of agencies’ interventions; helping to increase synergies and boost the impact of our cooperation. 

In April of this year, I visited the region to see the how our joint efforts were impacting communities on ground. Here’s what is working: 

Prevention is key

Visiting a food distribution site in Maroalimpoty , run by WFP, I saw just how important integrated prevention measures are to tackle the issue of malnutrition. As well as providing general food distributions to meet the immediate food needs of the most vulnerable families in the area, WFP is using the same site to conduct screenings, and hold nutritional support and awareness-raising sessions targeted towards children and pregnant and lactating women. 

In a neighbouring commune, I visited an integrated health centre where UNICEF-trained nurses are screened children for malnutrition. The centre provides a full package of high impact nutrition interventions and, with UNFPA and WHO support, conducts preventive, therapeutic and advocacy activities on other health issues, benefitting the whole community.  

At a near-by school, UNICEF collaborated with the government and the private sector to install a solar-powered water desalination system to provide potable water to the integrated health centre, the school and the rest of the community. WFP is active in the same school with its feeding programme which promotes school attendance and performance, both of which are key prevention measures.  

Smart agriculture for food security 

In the same commune, two FAO interventions are helping increase the food production capacity of vulnerable households through sustainable agriculture practice. 

Thanks to these interventions, the farmers associations in the commune received drought-resistant seeds, tools, and training on climate-smart agricultural practices. In addition to this, a solar-powered drop-by-drop irrigation system, developed by FAO, provides year-round access to water, enabling households to grow enough for their own consumption, and a surplus to sell in the local market and conserve as seeds. 

Some households I met in the commune said that during the height of the crisis they sometimes only had a cactus as a daily meal, but now, thanks to stronger crops they have enough to eat "with dignity" and can even afford two meals a day.

For Madame Nativité- a widow with two children who was severely affected by the drought, the seeds and small amount of cash she received from the programme is helping her get back on her feet and send her children to school. 

In the same area, I saw how a UNDP-led project was adopting simple solutions to stabilize coastal sand dunes and protect crops from tiomena. By planting three kinds of flora to lessen the impact of the wind and retain soil moisture; this project has helped communities grow cash crops in fields which were once lost to the sand.  

Collaboration for longer term resilience 

Agencies are collaborating in other ways to build economic resilience which leads to better nutrition and food security outcomes. For example, at the integrated development cooperative we visited , UNDP is providing training and equipment to modernize the growing and processing of the plant sisal-to produce handicrafts for sale. At the same site, IFAD and WFP have given cooperative members tools and knowledge to process other plants into non-perishable products, including using manioc to produce flour, making jam from cactus, and organic soap with aloe vera, cactus or other extracts. 

Speaking to Davidistine Ampimbave-one of the members of the association, it was clear that during the dry season in particular, these handicrafts provide families in the region an additional, stable source of income.  

On our last stop, we visited the remote village of Anjamahavelo where, UNICEF was upgrading a solar-powered hub, connectivity and a sustainable water source –initially established by WFP. At this site, UN entities and partners are collaborating together to power a drip irrigation system aimed at improving agricultural production, as well as providing a range of integrated community services such as a digital classroom and a training centre for women and young people.  

With a longer-term development vision in mind, the eco-agriculture supported by IFAD aims to overcome chronic problems linked to drought and climate change through the large-scale adoption of improved, climate change adaptation practices. 

The solar hubs for example, have the potential to eventually supply electricity to the community school and other structures, as well as providing entrepreneurial opportunities to diversify livelihoods and support communities withstand future climate shocks. 

There are daunting challenges ahead for communities in Southern Madagascar, but I am also convinced that our increasingly integrated approach is our best response to the multi-dimensional problems of malnutrition and food insecurity. 

In isolation, these interventions – ranging from food distribution and the treatment of severe acute malnutrition to the adoption of climate change adaptation agricultural practices and the generation of sustainable energy – would have a positive yet limited impact. But by working together, and building synergies across the UN country team, we are delivering more durable results and providing communities across the region the tools they need to rebound and recover with resilience.

This blog was written by the Resident Coordinator in Madagascar Issa Sanogo, with editorial support by UNDCO. To learn more about the work of the UN in Madagascar visit Madagascar.un.org